Essay on IRP Notes Package - 1670 Words

Disgrace is defined by the Oxford Dictionary as a â€Å"loss of reputation or respect as the result of a dishonourable action†. The word Disgrace has two subtly different meanings- it can either be used as a noun or a verb. A person can be in disgrace (noun) or person can disgrace themselves or others (verb). Either way it implies a dishonourable event occurred that casts a shadow over a person or a group of people. A dictionary definition cannot truly convey what the meaning of ‘disgrace’ is. As with many words in the English language, ‘disgrace’ has a highly elusive nature. This is caused in part by the negative connotations associated with it and, as a result, the subtle nuances that it evokes when used. In the context of the first 50†¦show more content†¦2. Apartheid The Apartheid in South Africa occurred between 1948 and 1994. The population was racially segregated as a part of the policy of the active government, the National Party (NP). Public services, such as education and health care, were segregated between white and black populations. The services provided to white people were far superior to the services offered to black people. As a result the black majority and other racial minorities were firmly established below the poverty line. Soweto Massacre On June 16, 1976 a student uprising was mobilized when high school students left their classes to march peacefully across Soweto. These students were protesting the fact that they had to learn Afrikaans as well as the general political conditions of the time, in particular the apartheid. The protest was meant to be entirely non-violent and to culminate at Orlando High School where they would all sing a song together. The students never reached their destination. Their peaceful march was met by heavily armed government forces who openly fired upon the crowd. Heavy casualties were sustained and hundreds of children were killed. This event led the country to revolt against the government- an uprising that continued well into the next year. Although the Soweto Massacre received international attention, the Lord Byron Lord Byron was a British poet who was born in 1766 into an aristocratic family.Show MoreRelatedEssay on IRP Notes Package: Allusion, Symbolism, and Motifs1464 Words   |  6 Pagesand Pollux are half-brothers. Their myth involves in part the kidnapping and rape of the Leucippides, Phoebe and Hilaeira, who become pregnant as a result of the rapes. This aspect of the myth is very similar to the plotline of Disgrace as Lucy (note the phonetic similarity between Lucy and Leucippides) becomes pregnant when Pollux and his quasi-brothers rape her. Furthermore, the myth of Castor and Pollux culminates with Idas- the fiancà © of one of the Leucippides- trying to kill Pollux. PolluxRead MoreBasic Terminology For A State Of Affairs1719 Words   |  7 Pages(Pennsylvania University, 2008 ). This will be discussed in greater detail later on. So let s think of some examples. Clinical research nurses receive training from the Sponsor any given protocol. We must learn how to use lab kits, make slides, package specimens, and clinical assessments. However, most clinical research associates do not hold medical degree of any type. This makes it rather to master the skills I need when I see my patients. Often, we are not allowed to open any lab kits (becauseRead MoreBcci Case Study for Auditing5660 Words   |  23 Pagesenhanced by the UK’s Banking Act of 1987. (Arnold Sikka 2001) (Note 1) They believed PW are public spirited and will act on behalf of stakeholders’ interest instead objectivity of PW had been compromised by profit maximization motives. Moreover, BOE did not establish minimum criteria for authorization on BCCI’s operation to ensure interests of banking industry were aligned with depositors’ interests. (Mohammed B Hemraj 2005, p. 348) (Note 2) BOE license BCCI SA as deposit taking institution althoughRead MoreProcedures For Checking Health, Security And Identity1764 Words   |  8 Pagesthird country †¢ Unacceptance based on the facts provided during the questioners and interviews, where the officer determines that an applicant may pose a security threat to the Canadian system; (organized crime, international human rights violations) Note that the case may be referred to the Immigration Division for the final decision on the refugee status if the applicant has been identified to be associated with the illegal activities. Appeal The Federal Court allows for the application for â€Å"judicialRead MoreCombat Orders Essay14914 Words   |  60 PagesCombat Orders format Introduction. Combat orders instruction at TBS is a detailed, rigorous package that strives to develop and evaluate your ability to arrive at a tactical decision, communicate that decision, and execute your plans in a time competitive environment. The focus throughout will be on action. Your tactical actions and necessary communication for action will be evaluated under the dynamic, chaotic, and uncertain lens espoused in MCDP-1. You will be required to brief and/or writeRead MoreFin 6644 Essay5862 Words   |  24 PagesBased on country, culture, and standard†¦.and why? Benefits, safety standards, etc b. How do corporate governance and financial management differ for US based corporations and global multinational corporations? (Read: Class notes and discussions) 2. Global Pricing Strategy With the emergence of the Internet as a dominant influence in global markets, many anticipated that the â€Å"Law of One Price† for all products would evolve. However that did not materializeRead MoreCtlls Ppa Essay5328 Words   |  22 Pagesrecognizable jazz style as part of a jazz module. | Formative assessment Evidence- Performance, recording Teacher is assessing students, some peer to peer assessment | Compose a bass-line to a given pop song, after the performance discuss why the notes and rhythm were chosen. | Formative assessment. Self-assessment Evidence – recording of the performance to a backing track or score of the bass-line, recording of discusson following the performance. | Compose the soundtrack to a tv seriesRead MoreEssay on FranklinL BUSN635 Assignment86107 Words   |  25 PagesFuel Tax Authority) cists $590 per truck yearly. B. KYU (License to operate in the state of Louisiana). Operating Tags, which are your licenses to put on the trucks, costs $1590 yearly. 2290/Schedule 1 is a schedule to have a heavy highway vehicle. IRP Card is your state license and permit. Trailer Tags are another license to carry on the tractor. These licenses must be done before putting the heavy equipment on the highway. When you are leasing your truck to a broker, they will make sure this willRead MoreEssay on Cross Border Valuation Issue9648 Words   |  39 Pagesvaluation for a Brazilian Corporation and the other case involving the valuation of businesses between a U.S. and U.K. company. II. Summary of Key Terms amp; Concepts GENERAL GLOBAL FINANCE MANAGEMENT TERMS/CONCEPTS Interest Rate Parity (IRP) is an important equilibrium position of globalized financial markets. It requires that national and international interest rates for the same types of loans in the same currency be equal. Otherwise, arbitragers will simultaneously borrow in one marketRead MoreFins3616 Answers Homework36964 Words   |  148 Pagesin non-local currencies (primarily the dollar), which heavily exposed them to a drop in the value of the local currency. * 2.9 What is moral hazard and how does it relate to IMF rescue packages? * Moral hazard occurs when the existence of a contract changes the behaviors of parties to the contract. When the IMF assists countries in defending their currencies, it changes the expectations

George Orwells Symbolism and Derivation for Nineteen...

George Orwells Symbolism and Derivation for 1984 George Orwells 1984 had a profound effect upon the way people thought during the mid 20th century. The book signified Orwells most complex novel which told the story of Arthur Koestler and the countless others who suffered because of the totalitarian governments in Eastern Europe (Meyers 114). When 1984 was published in 1949, the Cold War had just begun. The novels ending was pessimistic and thus seemed as an attack on communism. The novel was also considered to be the prophecy of what would happen to the West if the communist ideology spread. The idea for writing 1984 also came from an American economist named James Burnham. Burnham predicted that if Germany had won the†¦show more content†¦This department was headed by a man named Brendan Bracken, who was called B.B. ( Gardner 112). Big Brother was one of the many propaganda tools used in 1984. The face of Big Brother is used to promote the ideal man, one who is tall and muscular living in a perfect world. Big Brother r epresents Stalin, Lenin, and Hitler. All three were totalitarian figures who frightened all as the world saw the horror of their powers. Posters of these men were hung all over their countries to give the effect that you could not escape their presence. Hence the term in 1984, Big Brother is Watching. Orwell may have been thinking about figures in certain religious faiths when he drew Big Brother. The mysterious, powerful, God-like figure who sees and knows everything--but never appears in person. The Hate Week Rallies are a reference to Hitlers Nuremberg Rallies, in which the presenters brought the crowd to a hysteria and hatred of Jews. Goldstein being used at these hate speeches represents the conspiracy against the Jews and Stalins hatred toward Trotsky. Both parties were able to brainwash children into believing the ideals the totalitarian parties through the Hitler Youth Squad and Soviet Young Pioneers. (Meyers 121) Winston and Julias attire of the blue overalls represent the appearance of many English civilians, but also the Bolsheviks working attire. The Three Year Plans are similar to Stalins Five Year Plans. (Meyers 122) TheShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagestheory’ How Roethlisberger developed a ‘practical’ organization theory Column 1: The core contributing social sciences Column 2: The techniques for analysis Column 3: The neo-modernist perspective Column 4: Contributions to business and management Four combinations of science, scientific technique and the neo-modernist approach reach different parts of the organization Level 1: Developing the organization Level 2: Managing the human resource 100 100 102 102 103 105 105 106 107 107 108 109

An Analysis of the Social Gradient of Health in Relation free essay sample

An Analysis of the Social Gradient of Health in Relation to the Australian Indigenous population â€Å"The demonstration of a social gradient of health predicts that reducing inequality itself has health benefits for all, not simply for the impoverished or deprived minorities within populations. † (Devitt, Hall Tsey 2001) The above quote from Devitt, Hall and Tsey’s paper is a relatively well grounded and well researched statement which draws on contemporary theoretical sociological concepts to support the assertion that reducing inequality is the key to improving health for all. However the assertion that the demonstration of a social gradient of health predicts that a reduction in inequality will lead to health benefits for all is a rather broad statement and requires closer examination. The intention of this essay is to examine the social gradient of health, whose existence has been well established by the Whitehall Studies (Marmot 1991), and, by focusing on those groups at the lower end of the social gradient, determine whether initiatives to address inequalities between social classes will lead to health benefits for those classes at the lower end of the social scale. We will write a custom essay sample on An Analysis of the Social Gradient of Health in Relation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The effectiveness of past initiatives to address these social and health inequalities will be examined and recommendations made as to how these initiatives might be more effective. The social gradient described by Marmot and others is interrelated with a variety of environmental, sociopolitical and socioeconomic factors which have been identified as key determinants of health. These determinants interact with each other at a very complex level to impact directly and indirectly on the health status of individuals and groups at all levels of society; â€Å"Poor social and economic circumstances affect health throughout life. People further down the social ladder usually run at least twice the risk of serious illness and premature death of those near the top. Between the top and bottom health standards show a continual social gradient. † (Wilkinson Marmot 1998) In Australian society it is readily apparent that the lower social classes are at greater disadvantage than those in the upper echelons of society; this has been discussed at length in several separate papers on the social gradient of health and its effects on disadvantaged Australian groups (Devitt, Hall Tsey 2001, Robinson 2002, Caldwell Caldwell 1995). Within the context of the social gradient of health it can be inferred that Indigenous groups, for example, are particularly susceptible to ill health and poor health outcomes as they suffer inordinately from the negative effects of the key determinants of health. A simple example of this is the inequality in distribution of economic resources: â€Å"Average Indigenous household income is 38% less than that of non-Indigenous households. † (AHREOC 2004). The stress and anxiety caused by insufficient economic resources leads to increased risk of depression, hypertension and heart disease (Brunner 1997 cited in Henry 2001). Higher social status and greater access to economic resources is concomitant with a reduction in stress and anxiety levels, as individuals in these groups have more control over economic pressures which create this stress. This simple comparison proves that the social gradient of health accurately reflects how socioeconomic determinants affect the health of specific social classes at the physiological level. An extension of the research into the social gradient and the determinants of health is the examination of the pathways through which specific social groups experience and respond to these determinants. These ‘psychosocial pathways’ incorporate psychological, behavioural and environmental constraints and are closely linked to the determinants of health; â€Å"Many of the socio-economic determinants of health have their effects through psychosocial pathways. † (Wilkinson 2001 cited in Robinson 2002). These pathways have been demonstrated by Henry (2001) in the conceptual model of resource influences (Appendix A), a model which illustrates the interaction between the constraints mentioned above and their impact on health outcomes. Henry states that a central differentiator between classes is the amount of control an individual feels they have over their environment. Whereas an individual from a lower class group holds a limited sense of control over their well being and consequently adopts a fatalistic approach to health, those in higher classes with a stronger sense of control over their health are more likely to take proactive steps in ensuring their future wellbeing. This means that both individuals will cope differently with the same health problem. This is partly as a result of socioeconomic or environmental determinants relative to their situation, but it is also a result of behavioural/physical constraints and, most importantly, the modes of thought employed in rationalising their situation and actions. In essence these psychosocial pathways occupy an intermediate role between the social determinants of health and class related health behaviours.

Economic Analysis of an Oligopoly Market Structure free essay sample

In this article Michael Baker discusses the livelihood of small retailers in a market subjugated by the financially dominant oligopolies, Woolworths and Coles. While the small independent retailers in direct competition with Woolworths and Coles provide some competitive respite for consumers, as they encourage competitive pricing, albeit predatory pricing, it is clear that Woolworths and Coles control the supermarket industry in Australia, in the formation of a duopoly. It is evident that Woolworths and Coles engage in predatory pricing in an attempt to eliminate independent retailers from the market. This article discusses recent efforts made by the Australian government and the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission to reduce predatory pricing and, thus, encourage competition in the marketplace in an attempt to relieve the financial strain that would undoubtedly be felt by consumers if the Woolworths/Coles duopoly ruled the marketplace without the presence of independent retailers. It is clear that these strategies enforced by the government and the ACCC to aid small retailers are not working, as predatory pricing still exists. What is also evident is that several strategies enforced are in contradiction of each other, as some are enforced to protect small retailers, while others increase foreign competition in the supermarket industry, which is certain to negatively impact small retailers and encourage the formation of an oligopoly, or future monopoly market structure. An example of this is the government initiative to allow foreign entrants into the retail market five years, instead of 12 months as is currently standard, to develop land purchased in Australia. This provides an opening for international retail chains, such as Walmart, to enter the market, allowing them more time to establish multiple locations across Australia. This is destined to have a negative impact on shopping centre retailers, in particular small independent retailers, as international retail chains, such as Walmart, have freestanding locations, encouraging consumers to destination shop where they can purchase everything in the one store. In the ge of convenience, this is a very appealing concept to consumers, and is certain to detract from the business of shopping centers and, thus, small retailers. In addition, large retailers, such as Woolworths and Coles, will also be affected by the introduction of international retail chains into the Australian market, as this will detract from their market share. 1b. Justification of topic Woolworths and Coles duopolistic structure is evidenced through their dominant presence in the industry, relating to the characteristic syno nymous with an oligopoly market structure, having few firms in the industry. The fact that there are only two main firms indicates that this is a duopoly. Woolworths and Coles are present in almost every Westfield shopping centre across Australia, as well as independently, close to access to public transport. The National Association of Retail Grocers of Australia reported that Woolworths and Coles comprised a 79% share of the market (AAP, 2007). High barriers to entry, in particular financial barriers, including set up costs, distribution and advertising, are also evidence that this is an oligopoly market structure. In addition to this, mutual interdependence, whereby Woolworths and Coles are constrained in their competitive activity, and the use of heavy advertising as a means of attracting more market share in avoidance of price competition, also indicate the oligopolistic nature of this industry, as do large economies of scale. 1. Economic Analysis *For the purpose of the discussion Walmart has been used as an example throughout. Duopolies occur largely because of the existence of barriers to entry in an industry. In this instance, the major barrier to entry is financial. Large set up costs, distribution and operating costs, as well as advertising costs exist for any firm considering challenging a duopoly. In addition to this, barriers to entry exist in the form of controlling resources. Woolworths and Coles would have agreements with farmers to supply exclusively to them, in exchange for the firm purchasing all of their quality produce. Woolworths and Coles are also more likely to be able to purchase products, including fruit and vegetables, for a cheaper price than small, independent sellers, as they are purchasing in bulk. According to McKenzie (2002) No major supplier, no matter how big or powerful they are, can afford to be offside, or out of favour, with Coles or Woolworths. Economies of scale give Woolworths and Coles an advantage over smaller retailers because, as a result of their large scale production, they are able to produce at a lower average cost, allowing them to sell goods to consumers at a lower price. This competitive pricing eventually forces smaller firms out of the market, as they are unable to match the predatory pricing, due to a lack of economies of scale. Because Woolworths and Coles generally have homogenous products, they rely on a heavy use of advertising, in order to avoid competitive pricing with each other. Oligopolies tend to avoid competitive pricing at all costs, as the worst case scenario of this is a price war, which generally cannot be escaped, resulting in one survivor, who goes on to become the monopolist. It is evident that Woolworths and Coles are mutually interdependent, whereby each of the firms pricing strategies relate to, and depend on, each other. It is for this reason that it is suspected the duopolies are engaged in collusion, where the two firms arrange to coordinate their pricing strategies in order to maximize profits. (See Fig. 1) The increased opportunity for large retail chains, such as Walmart, to enter the Australian supermarket industry, due to the recently enacted proposal allowing foreign retailers up to five years to develop land purchased in Australia, is destined to have a negative impact on Woolworths and Coles, as well as on small independent retailers. The presence of Walmart in Australia would severely affect small independent retailers across many industries, taking away from their market share, and building a stronger oligopoly market structure. As Walmart is designed to be a destination shop, where you can find everything you need in the one store, it provides goods from all industries, including food, hardware, giftwares, sporting goods and pharmaceuticals. Small chemists and giftshops would feel the impact of Walmart most strongly, because of their inability to compete with Walmarts price strategy, due to their lack of economies of scale. In addition, stores such as Rebel Sport and Bunnings may also be negatively impacted by the recently enacted legislation, as consumers are forever seeking convenience, and may be more likely to shop at a mega-retail chain where they can find everything they need. This move is likely to drive many small independent retailers out of the market, creating an even stronger oligopoly market structure, and freeing up greater market share for Walmart, allowing the firm to more effectively take on Coles and Woolworths. It is quite certain that Walmart would be prepared to operate at a loss for several years in Australia (see Fig. 5), in order to gain greater market share from Woolworths, Coles, and independent retailers. Walmarts economies of scale and scope and the firm’s ability to overcome the financial barriers to entry involved in taking on Woolworths and Coles, ensures that it would have the means to do this. The result of Walmart building strength in the supermarket industry would severely compromise Woolworths and Coles duopolistic position. The eventual result of this would be an oligopoly market structure between Woolworths, Coles and Walmart. (See Fig. 2). This would likely result in Walmart reducing it prices in order to gain an initial share of the market, which would lead to Woolworths and Coles lowering their prices on related products in order to protect their market share. This would be demonstrated diagrammatically as a kinked demand curve, which illustrates the presence of a non collusive oligopoly. It also shows that as price falls, quantity increases slowly, therefore, demand is relatively inelastic. (See Fig. 3) If this occurred, the industry would be characterised by sticky pricing. The effect on the supermarket industry, as a result of the increased supply, due to Walmarts presence in the industry, and virtually identical demand is seen diagrammatically in Figure 4. While an oligopolistic environment, with a rigid price structure is likely to be the case if Walmart enters the Australian market, the slight possibility of price wars is also worth consideration. If Woolworths and Coles engage in competitive pricing with Walmart, in order to defend their current market share, this could result in price wars between the oligopoly, potentially resulting in a monopolistic market structure (see Fig. 6), with one dominant supermarket controlling the industry. 2. Conclusion The recently enforced legislation allowing foreign retailers five years, rather than 12 months, to develop land in Australia, may see a dramatic change to the duopolistic structure of the Australian supermarket industry, currently dominated by Woolworths and Coles. While the presence of an international retail giant, such as Walmart may benefit consumers in the short run, the distant and slight, yet considerable, possibility of price wars between Walmart, Coles and Woolworths could have a severe impact, resulting in the formation of a monopoly. Consumers will not be the only place in which this market structure will negatively impact, as small independent retailers will also be affected by this move, slowly being eradicated from the market, due to inability to compete, resulting in a loss of jobs. In essence, the most extreme outcome of the newly enacted legislation would be a monopoly market structure, in which the only party benefiting would be the monopolist or, similarly, the firm with the largest financial capacity to engage in price wars to the end. Alternatively, this legislation could benefit the Australian public, with a more competitively priced environment, while at the same time negatively impacting small retailers. Only time will tell if the enforcement of this legislation will have a positive or a negative outcome for the Australian economy.