Movie Safe 1995 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Movie Safe 1995 - Essay Example It is looks like that traditional medical science is not capable of healing those people, who cannot accept the environment. In the movie 'Safe', to my view, Carol White doesn't receive appropriate and adequate treatment, yet she seeks aid in a high-tech medical center. The main problem is that she is alone in her family who has not emotional relationship with her husband and her stepson. Also, using soft and dark colors and sounds cause her to go to inner darkness of illness. The nature of Carol's illness and to compare treatment methods, applies by two different directions of medicine In the movie 'Safe', Carol White (Julianne Moore) lives with her husband and stepson in a comfortable suburban home in California. Her life is completely predictable, and in spite of the fact that she has 'relationship' with her husband, she begins feeling isolated and then - drained and depressed. Mysteriously, she falls ill with weird symptoms: she experiences nose bleedings, dizziness and allergies, and doctor attributes it to stress. Having passed different tests, she understand that there is nothing physically wrong with her, but nevertheless she takes medication and changes her diet, getting of the all-fruit diet and cutting back diary products. When her condition doesn't go away, she gets a recommendation to visit psychiatrist. The problem with her mind is a reason for the illness. Carol finally understands the necessity, which requires of her to go to a place, where people who suffer from toxic allergies and those with AIDS can 'clean' themselves, and, probably, the only pla ce where she can feel safe. To my view, treatment, received at hospital, is improper and probably, only worsened the situation. Haynes's idea was to show the powerlessness of traditional medical science against new illnesses, which are called by external irritants, but destroy humans from inside. In the films, Carol combats a real ten-headed hydra, which responds to the new treatment courses with new painful fits of allergy. Carol drives her car - and endures a coughing fir; she breathes in her new perfumes -and feels lightheadedness. Aerobic classes, which pursued a goal of helping her relax, initially doomed to be unsuccessful: she has never had tension in her life, she has never had close relations, so there was no ground for either extremely positive or extremely negative emotions in her life. Thus, she cannot relax, because she never experiences stresses in pure medical meaning. Moreover, the medicaments Carol receives are irritants, as they also consist of toxins or other synthetic substances. On the cont rary, Dunning chooses a different direction and creates some kind of cult, or community with certain beliefs, values and philosophy. People living there find there attachment and new system of coordinates, in which it is possible to consider their illness and cope with related inner problems. It is possible to notice that by the end of the movie, she becomes increasingly more shattered, and probably her sickness breaks her and makes her re-evaluate the relationships which had existed in her life before she fell ill. She has a husband, bad hasn't given birth to children, because Carol 'endures' the existence of domestic plant, which should be carefully watered and supplied with the necessary nourishment, but whose opinion weighs like any plant's opinion. It is possible to

Factors Making Small Communities in Pakistan More Vulnerable to Disasters Essay Example for Free

Factors Making Small Communities in Pakistan More Vulnerable to Disasters Essay There is no single definition or explanation of a disaster, as a matter of fact in this modern age of science and technology one could predict the time and place and estimate the damage when a disaster would hit a certain area however only an estimate could be made about the outcome of the dreadful event still all the disasters could not be forecasted. This prediction also has difference in opinion when it comes to interpret the disaster; economists may measure it by calculating the loss of assets, health workers might talk of diseases that might spread after the event, political view might be setting institutions to deal with the event and social view might involve the effects on the society. Pakistan has been at risk to many natural and manmade disasters in the past. History states various events when cyclones, flooding, drought, landslides and earth quakes have hit the country. The country is also believed to be one of the most flood prone terrains in South Asia. The floods of 1950, 1992 and 1998 and 2011 have taken various lives and made severe damage to property and assets. Pakistan is also located at seismically active zone making the area vulnerable to extreme consequences. This vulnerability was proven on October 2005 when an earthquake measuring 7. 6 on the rector scale had hit 9 districts in Kheyber Pakhtunkhuwa and Azad Jammu Kashmir killing over 72,000 people and destroying over 4,00,000 houses. Pakistan being an agriculture based country also has fear of droughts. The droughts of 2002 had cost an estimated amount of 2. 5 billion $. Pakistan does not have a lot of reported cyclone hit incidents to stat yet till now roughly fourteen cyclones have been recorded since 1971-2012 which also had damages in a notable amount. When a disaster strikes some area it does not spare any in its way but the most prone and effected people are the ones who belong to small communities. Their segregation and exclusion in to small communities might be due to the false and holistic systems present in our social circles bases on ethnic, religious or class based values in the current society. Further on these segregated segments are marked as poor or minorities. However these small communities are most vulnerable when a disaster strikes. The level of their vulnerability increases in the post disaster scenario. There are many factors behind the vulnerability which have horrific outcomes for these small communities as a result. I would like to discuss on a few factors which in my view point are the important factors and causes of the increased vulnerability of these small communities. Poverty is one of the most fundamental causes which results in increased level of vulnerability of small communities. Their lack of access to resources leads to the lack of capacity in dealing with a disaster. An estimate made in 2005 states that around 22. 6% of the total population lives under the poverty line in the country, further on 40% of the total urban population lives in slums. The economic situation in the country is not very stable and due to this inflation is widespread in the country leading to income volatility. In circumstances where poverty is present in the society at such a high scale, it gets difficult to make ends meet, fighting against a disaster is a question that does not even comes in to the context. Poor construction practices also result in the increase in the vulnerability of the small communities. Due to poverty still in many villages people build their houses out of mud. This is not a strong structure. At the time of a disastrous event such structures can prove not to be very resistant. Similarly in urban areas as mentioned above a large number of people live in slums which are again not a very resilient structure in case of disasters. There are no proper code and conducts devised by the government authorities to tackle with this issue. Such conditions increase the vulnerability of the small groups present in Pakistan. Weak early warning system is a problem present in many developing countries. Pakistan being a developing country also has this problem where due to the lack of resources and technology many disasters cannot be predicted on time. Due to this it gets hard to estimate the damage level and the intensity of the disaster beforehand. It also gets hard to make a relief plan or mitigation strategies to minimize the effects of the disaster. Remoteness and isolation is another factor which is caused by the cultural and social barriers due to which majority of the small communities are effected as they are segregated and isolated from the society. Remoteness can be taken in to two different means one is the social exclusion factor the other can be the nature of their inhabitant area which might geographically be landlocked by nature. In either ways their isolation can be a factor that can lead small communities in to a more vulnerable situation. Infrastructure can also play a role in increasing the vulnerability of small communities. If we take the area of Southern Punjab as in example the area consists of the rural side of the country and agriculture is their main source of employment, the place also has a history of floods related disasters in the past. Due to lack of proper roads etc it might get hard for people to evacuate even if the disaster as been predicted beforehand. The people from strong communities have means of transportation by which they can get to safety with ease on the other hand the poor and small communities don’t get a chance to evacuate from the danger zone. Awareness programs and education about strategies to counter disasters is a phenomenon which is not present in the current society. The floods of 2012 could be held in account as evidence of this acquisition as many of the rural poor were displaced as majority of their assets were destroyed and many lives lost. If people were given proper education about strategies to deal with the disaster as it was an area with high risk the amount of loss might have been reduced. Lack of community participation is also an important factor as due to exclusion, factions are produced in the society due to barriers they do not tend to interact with the weaker segments of the society. Their lack of communication and participation creates a divide and due to which the vulnerability is increased in the smaller communities at the time of crisis. Limited capacity and coordination between various governmental and nongovernmental agencies. This might occur due to the meager means of resistance available or mismanagement on behalf of the agencies. Corruption also has a role to play in this situation where the rights of the small communities are usurped by the larger or more power full factions of the society. This corruption could give rise to mistrust between the state and non state actors trying to fight against the disaster. As they don’t unite therefore their power is also diminished. Religious/Ethnic biases can also lead to disasters as small minorities are at stake. Due to quarrels and other means of violence threat to their assets and lives increases their vulnerability. Similarly in civil conflicts the small and less powerful communities are the ones which are at the high risk level due to their openness to danger. Rapid Urbanization as societies become more and more modern day by day the process of urbanization also increases. In search of reaching to an industrial society as it brings more and more recourses to increase the level and quality of life it also brings along some negative aspects out of which greed is most prominent. Today man has become so greedy that it does not care that what effects his voyage to success might have on others. Rapid Industrialization is also having its negative effects on the environment which will eventually lead to severe consequences as global warming. At the same time rapid urbanization means the extinction of forests and other natural resources. As majority of the small communities cannot afford to live at the core hence the are pushed to the outer circle of the area where there might be a non availability of basic necessities of lives leading to various epidemics for example due to lack of sanitation facilities or making them live in to disaster prone areas due to deforestation leading to earth quakes, landslides and floods. To conclude I would state that the above mentioned factors are some of many which evolve in our social system. What so ever is the cause of the disaster event either it is manmade, natural in nature it is the small communities which are affected the most. Social, political, armed conflicts, hazards all in total increase the vulnerability of small communities. Steps are to be taken in to account to eradicate this in justice from our society as this may lead to social unrest or may have even more bizarre outcomes on the community as a whole.

The Old Barn Essay -- Descriptive Essay Examples, Observation

The Old Barn Having a special place is like having an invisible friend. It means the world to you, but nothing to the guy next door. It is not so often I get an opportunity to sit down and really see what is out there. I am able to sit in my special area in total peace and quiet for as long as I choose to do so. Anyone with noisy roommates knows just what I am talking about. Peace and quiet with kids in the house is extremely limited and you will usually do anything to be able to enjoy the silence. Having a place of my own is very special. It allows me to do the vast amounts of activities that I am not able to do in normal everyday life such as reading, thinking, and just being alone. I always go to a special barn when I want time to myself. No one ever knows I am out there and wouldn't even think about coming there to look for me because it is so dirty and old. The barn is quite a good distance away from the house. Making it even more secluded and empty. I can't hear or see any of my relatives from the window in the ban, which is an extra bonus for me. As I look at my barn I can tall it is very old and very run down. it hardly gets used and is full of old tractors. Relatives, now, that says a lot right there. Yes, I have them too. Those really nice relatives that tease me all the time because they still feel like I am just a little brat because I am so much younger then them. Those uncles that still talk to me like I just popped out of my mother's stomach. This is always and will always be a great reason for me to leave any area where anyone related to me happens to be. If you are in my shoes you are stuck in the middle of all of your relatives. Half of them are five or more years older then... ...communication between me and any other humans. This is my time, I do not have to live by the statement "you are on my time now", because this is my time and only my time. I can act as I please , think as I please, and be who I please. For this one single moment in time when I am in my special place I can go by my own rules. It is almost like for once you are your own boss and you live in your own little world, ruling just yourself. These are the reasons why I need my special place. Without a place to go I would probably have an ulcer. I believe that everyone needs a place to go to get away from it all. It is an opportunity to explore a new and unique world all of my own. I can enjoy activities that I once got to enjoy when I was a kid, I can think through all the problems in my head, and most of all, I can get away from those people who give me the ulcer.

Marketing Segmentation Essay

1. Geographical segmentation: The market is divided according to geographic criteria like nation, state, religion, countries etc. Geographic data create accurate profile of specific. For eg: in rainy season sells rainy clothes (like raincoat, umbrella etc) 2. Demographic segmentation: it divide to the market into groups according to variable in age, family, gender, size of family, income of the consumers etc 3. Psychographic segmentation: It is a science which use in better understands all consumers according to their life style, personality, value and social-class. I am doing job in Bajaj Company, after this company has monopolised in almost all field either in the field of manufacturing bikes or bulb, tube light etc. Earlier, the customers were not fond of verities because there were not too many verities in the market and less competitions, but, in present time a huge competition has been taken place that for survive in the market every companies should be update with their products, otherwise rival companies will lead them. If we talk about the bike fashion we see that our youngsters like those bikes which must not be strong in pickup (60 km/h with few minutes) as well as good looking means it looks different from others, besides this, old agers want those bikes which run comfortably that they ride normally, to keep this in their mind all companies like hero Honda release many bikes like Hero stunner, CBZ, Karizma for young generations. While, for old agers they released Slender, Passion, CD dawn etc, in same pattern Yamaha release Yamaha R15 which cost is almost Rs. 15,000 in present time, but give a good look which attract the customers. So, after much research on these companies, Bajaj Company wants to release such bike series which is not only for young as well as senior can use it, so this company manufactured lots of bikes Pulsar and discover series for youngsters which not only good looking but also having that price which every customers can afford and easily buy the products and it also give good mileage than others companies bike, and from the point of view senior, whose ages is 40 years and above, they release Platina with self start facilities which is easy in riding. By all these information I want to describe that Bajaj Company segmented it products in various categories according to customers’ demand that’s why this company is going extremely good and successful in satisfied to consumers. If we talking about bulb, tube lights, this company manufactured the bulbs, CFLs, tube lights which not give perfect light but also take few electricity and go long times. Especially CFLs which cost are high but it work beyond one years and it takes less electricity and give light so much as a 40 watt tube light gives. There are many designs of CFLs has been released in the market which selling is more than bulbs and tube lights. So according to customer’s choice and willing Bajaj Company put down stylish CFLs in the market which attract consumers with its designs but also reduce the electric bill of customers and supplies good light over all houses. So like this the company segmented it electric accessories in various styles, according to customers willing and choice. Marketing Plan Marketing plan is a marketing strategy which involves marketing plans for a firm’s marketing activities. Marketing planning process is process of business planning; in marketing plan all the firm’s keep an eye on all marketing activities as well as competitors and they also come to know the view of the customers about their products like they are satisfied with their products or not, if not, know the reason of disliking and what they want improve in the products etc, because satisfaction of consumers is very important, after all whole marketing processes and successes are depend only upon customers. They are the important part of business. For e. g. if we talking about auto mobile all companies like Hero Honda, Yamaha, Bajaj etc, manufactured ordinary bikes( like Hero Honda released CD 100 later Splendour , Yamaha CX 100 and Bajaj released scooters and later Bajaj Boxer) but, there were some problems and deficiency took place in the bikes like the capacity of the engine was not good that was giving low mileage, pick up was ordinary and ordinary looks etc, after looking and analysing all problems of customers all companies manufactured those bikes which are giving good mileage, capacity of engine is very good and all are stylish as customers wanted. For e. g. :- Bajaj released discover series, pulsar series, Hero Honda released Passion, Passion plus, CBZ, Karizma etc, Yamaha released Yamaha R15 (but it is too costly), TVS manufactured Apache etc. Beside these, all companies also release scooty for college going girls. Because they knew that all ladies can’t ride the bikes that’s why to keep in mind the facilities of girls they produced scooty which is very light with self start facilities, without gears. These products became very popular among the girls, not girls even boy also taking ride of the scooty many times. Like this all companies conduct a SWOT (strengths, weakness, opportunities, threats) means they research on the behaviour, likes, dislikes, what are the deficiencies in the product, what else and what new their customers want in their products and what other companies provided to customers and do better than them.

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Summary McDonald’s announced last week that calories of all its food will start showing on in-store menu boards. The question is why McDonald’s did this so fast. (DM) Even it is part of President Obama’s health-care law in next two years. (EMP) In this transparency age, Companies that are open and honest get rewarded for it, even if they are not perfect. Those that try to hide negative things will be slammed. (SRB) Nowadays, consumer wants companies which is honest and open, it means the band names are much important than the quality and price of their products.It is important that corporations show the details of their products such as where they made, how to made, what material is used. Customers view the companies being transparency and honest. Regarding to McDonald’s decision making, it show their product details can let their customers consider whether these foods are unhealthy. Customers can choose the foods base on their favorite, calories and the t aste of foods. McDonald’s demonstrate their social responsibility to people and being more popular. As some small companies easier to afford human personality, they were benefit in the court of public opinion.McDonald’s is one of the company haven’t get this concept once; they try to avoid publicity and disclosure. But they try to make public themselves nowadays. Before they implement this policy, they lack of transparency. So, they provoke a lot of online blogs and postings form anti-McDonald’s activists. They publicize McDonald’s good is a main reason why children obese. After they make public their calories, more people reduce to talk about their rumor. According to the article â€Å"McDonald's Enters the Age of Transparency† Posted by: Larry Popelka on September 18, 2012 from Bloomberg Business week.The McDonald’s announced last week that calories of all its food will start showing on in-store menu boards. in this case, it involve three management theories ; concepts. First, in view of the management environment concept, there are a changing of environment which McDonald's need to respond. Consumer wants companies which is honest and open in this transparency age. It is important that corporations show the details of their products such as where they made, how to made, what material is used. Second, is the social responsibility concept. McDonald’s increase their transparency.In order to, they clarify the rumor from public. The rumor include their products is the main reason why most of children have child abuse problem. They append the food label on the food packing. The aims of it is hope the public understand the element of the food. Finally, based on the decision making concept, the anti-McDonald's groups whose publicize its goods is a main reason why children obese is the threats of McDonald's, so they need to respond to it by analyzing options, and making determinations about specific courses of action. By following concept, these are the implications of McDonald's on management aspects.

Essay on Russian Organized CrimeEssay Writing Service

Essay on Russian Organized CrimeEssay Writing Service Essay on Russian Organized Crime Essay on Russian Organized CrimeRussian organized crime has been analyzed by experts, including international law enforcement agencies and intelligence specialists, in order to better understand its roots, nature and causes of this phenomenon. According to Patricia Rawlinson (2014), â€Å"Cold War ideologists see its proliferation as a vindication of their struggle against the evil empire of communism manifested by endemic corruption, a failed centralize economy and totalitarianism†(p. 28). Some experts consider that Russian organized crime is the product of political and economic reforms carried out by Gorbachev in the late 1990s (Rawlinson, 2014).   In general, Russian organized crime can be assessed by means of another ideological approach, namely the establishment of the Mafia (McCormick, 2012). Today many Russian criminal organizations operate on the global stage, influencing criminal situation in many countries of the world. Thesis statement: Russian organized crime, a complex post-socialist phenomenon, the nature of which is associated with political and economic changes in the country, creates certain challenges to democracy.Organized crime: an overview of the phenomenonThe term â€Å"organized crime† can be defined as â€Å"the society that seeks to operate outside the control of the people and their governments†(Rawlinson, 2014, p. 32). According to researchers, organized crime as a phenomenon has the following characteristics: well-developed hierarchical structure, the availability of financial resources for performing tasks, labor division, the system of strict discipline and punishment. Actually, organized crime exists in any country because it is driven by economic concerns. Jay S. Albanese (2010) states that â€Å"organized crime activity† operates based on certain economic factors faced by individuals or organizations (p. 115).The Nature of Russian Organized CrimeThe most important development in organized crime in Russia is the emergence of the Russian mafia in the 1990s. According to statistical data, the number of gangs in Russia has been increased from 785 in the early 1990s to more than 8000 in late 1990s (Dunn, 2014, p. 63). As a result, the nature of Russian organized crime is based on interaction of organized crime activities and the prevailing culture. The history of organized crime in Russia highlights the significance of changing nature of this interaction because of considerable changes in political life of the country (Rawlinson, 2014).As a matter of fact, Russian organized crime is considered to be a post-communism phenomenon, which is similar to the phenomena in other states of the former USSR. It was influenced by the transformation of economic and political systems from socialist structure to capitalist structure (Plekhanov, 2004; McCormick, 2012). Many experts consider that Russian organized crime is the product of the established communist system, which limited democracy and promoted bureaucracy. In fact, â€Å"the communist system generated organized crime by seeking to supplant market mechanisms with bureaucratic command and instituting criminal penalties for most private entrepreneurial activities† (Plekhanov, 2004, p. 66).The Major Causes of Organized Crime in RussiaThe major causes of organized crime in Russia include the spread of corruption and the â€Å"worldwide proliferation of organized crime† (Plekhanov, 2004, p. 66). Although Putin managed to reduce the influence of rich businessmen on politics, Russia is ranked 154 out of 178 countries in the list on the Corruption Perceptions Index (McCormick, 2012). Besides, the rapid expansion of the market system had a strong impact on the growth of organized crime. Researchers believe that Russian organized crime is caused by a wide range of factors that are generated by political transformation in the country and failures in the functioning of the justice system. According to John McCo rmick (2012), â€Å"Russia still has a large black market, reducing the ability of the government to raise taxes and playing into the hands or organized crime, which is involved in everything from extortion to fraud, cargo theft, prostitution, and drug and arms trafficking† (p. 240). In other words, the justice system is ineffective to address the issue of the increased rate of organized crime in Russia. As a result, organized crime is growing. According to statistical data, â€Å"Russia now has one of the highest homicide rates in the world†(McCormick, 2012, p. 240).Some Facts from the History of Russian Organized CrimeThe emergence of Russian organized crime and its growth in the past decades influenced society. In the Soviet Union, organized crime was based on the established system of relationships between various sectors of society, in which the Communist party had the greatest power. The collapse of the Soviet Union led to the evolution of organized crime (Abadin sky, 2012; McCormick, 2012).   Considerable changes in economic, political and cultural systems had a strong impact on the expansion of organized crime in Russia. The transition to the market economy led to the emergence of criminal organizations. According to Howard Abadinsky (2012), â€Å"vulnerable businessmen began relying on the suddenly increasing private protection services, a large number of which operated without the proper registration or licenses†(p. 209).Actually, due to the penetration of organized crime into the legal system, more and more unlawful acts were identified in Russia. Today organized crime affects the functioning of legal system. Although corruption is prosecuted, many officials continue to take a bribe. According to researchers, today organized crime has â€Å"penetrated all the structures of power, including the media† (Rawlinson, 2014, p. 32). Russian organized crime in the USA is characterized by the existence of the traditional Russian approaches to criminal activity. The case of Ivankov (Yaponchik), a well-known leader of a criminal organization in the United States, attracts attention due to the methods used in organization of criminal activities (Finckenauer Waring, 1998). He was born in the Soviet Union. He became the champion in wrestling, lived in Moscow. Later, he was involved in criminal activity, selling the stolen goods on the black market. In 1980, he established his criminal organization. The members of his groups used false documents to commit financial crimes (Finckenauer Waring, 1998). They searched the houses of rich people and stole money. In 1982, Yaponchik was arrested. After release in 1992, he came to the USA, where he continued his criminal activity. According to FBI reports, Yaponchik managed to â€Å"turn an assortment of unruly and loosely articulated Russian gangs on American soil into a modern, nationwide crime cooperation† (Finckenauer Waring, 1998, p. 113). He was sentenced t o 9 years of imprisonment.The major categories of Russian Organized CrimeAnalyzing Russian organized crime, it is necessary to identify its major categories. Joseph L. Albini and colleagues classify the four major categories of organized crime in Russia:political-social;mercenary;in-group;syndicated (Albini, 1995, p. 213).The first three classifications of organized crime emerged during the Soviet era, namely during the Breznev years with high level of corruption (1964–82), increased during Perestroika era, and reached the highest levels after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 (McCormick, 2012). The forth category was established because of the â€Å"transformation of the Russian society from a centralized command economy to one driven by the forces of market capitalism that created the socio-pathological conditions for the malignant spread of mercenary and especially syndicated organized crime† (Albini, 1995, p. 213). In other words, the forth category includes new syndicates of criminals that involve criminal gangs with the former members of the Soviet Union’s bureaucracy.The Prosecution of Organized Crime in Russia  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Organized crime in Russia is prosecuted, but there are still many gaps in the legal system to address this issue in a proper way. According to researchers, in 1990s, there was â€Å"no definition of organized crime in Russian law† (Finckenauer Waring, 1998, p. 116). Today the Department for struggle against organized crime is involved in active work to deal with the existing problems caused by organized crime. The members of the Department examine the functioning of business organizations to prosecute people involved in organized crime. There are many examples of illegal economic and financial activities of powerful officials. The widespread corruption forms the basis of organized crime in Russia today (Taylor, 2011, p. 169).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Actually, today Russian organized crime is linked to the power of ministries in many ways. For example, many military officers are involved in criminal activity because they have the required skills and experience. New mafia groups include sportsmen and former military and law enforcement officers who effectively deal with criminals and continue to â€Å"maintain contacts with their colleagues in the security and law enforcement structures† (Taylor, 2011, p. 169). Putin highlights the necessity to combat organized crime and the shadow economy it creates. However, his legislative policies are ineffective. Some experts consider that there is a balance between organized crime and the state. In other words, the state favors this balance because this crime is manageable based on Russian standards (Taylor, 2011).Conclusion  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thus, it is necessary to conclude that Russian organized crime is a complex phenomenon caused by a wide range of so cial and political factors, including the collapse of the Soviet Union, the increased rate of corruption and the growth of the market economy. In fact, Russian organized crime differs from American organized crime. It is influenced by bureaucracy and lacks democracy. Many mafia organizations operate on the global stage, including Russian criminal organizations.   Generally speaking, Russian organized crime is prosecuted, but the prosecution of this type of crime in Russia represents a failure of many policies aimed at preventing criminal acts. It is necessary to use joint actions to prevent organized crime, especially today, when crime has become international. In Russia, the justice system is not effective enough to address the issue of the increased rate of organized crime.

Propose A Campaign Example

Propose A Campaign Example Propose A Campaign – Coursework Example Underage Alcohol use among college Riara Techical Institute Empirical studies potent to the fact that alcohol is the preferred choice of drug among college students particularly in those with small student population of less than 5,000 students. Riara Technical Institute is one such example due to its student population of 2,500. It has been established that alcohol consumption among college students traditionally has been part of college experience among students without regard to the legal status of student alcohol consumption (Engs, 2004).Research studies have shown that up to 56% of colleges and universities have developed a formal parental notification policy for parents of underage students under alcohol violation. Underage alcohol abuse has been found to impact negatively in the performance of the students. It has been found that underage alcohol users often portray a large volume of blood alcohol content which affects over a long period of time and affects their academic perf ormance in the long run. It has been noted that when underage students’ content is saturated with alcohol, a lot of bad things do happen to those around them and themselves (Engs, 2004)s. This is because they do lose focus and clarity of issues that they undertake. The police department at McLean has noted that more than 30 arrests of underage drinkers at three different parties. This was possible through the public’s initiative of calling to inform the police of the event. This has shown that the public has become aware of the worrying statistics of underage drinkers and are taking action in helping to curb the menace. Currently over 34% of the colleges that have not developed formal written policy on notification have adopted an informal practice of notifying the parents of underage alcohol drinkers while 10% of US colleges and Universities never notify parents (Engs, 2004).In conclusion, it is in the best interests of students and the Riara Institutes reputation to develop modalities for parent notifications and also create awareness to students on the dangers of underage drinking through health science course that needs to be introduced. This will go a long way in promoting students’ welfare in the college and help those who already engaged in underage drinking to take control (Engs, 2004).ReferenceEngs, R. C., & Hanson, D.J.(2004).The alcohol knowledge and drinking myths of a national sample of university students. Journal of Alcohol and Drug Education, 35(1),36-47.

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How The Patient Care Has Influenced Career Essay

How The Patient Care Has Influenced Career - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that whereas it can be beneficial to read a great deal of information concerning the healthcare profession and understand the palliative care that can be given with respect to a great range of health issues, nothing within a textbook or a laboratory manual can prepare an individual for the psychological and sociological implications that hands-on experience can provide. Most importantly, with regards to the ability to enhance a desire to further healthcare education, the experience in question was instrumental in helping me to appreciate the nuanced level of approach that the healthcare professional must be responsible for integrating in order to affect a positive resolution within the living patient. Further, even though the first section of this analysis has been concentric on the degree and extent to which no level of memorize Asian or classroom participation can prepare a student for direct patient care, it was also noted, during the expe rience, that a great depth of knowledge was yet to be attained with regards to ameliorating the issues that patients might have, an understanding of complex city of biological issues that might be evidenced. Of all of the factors that have thus far been discussed, it is the impact upon my desire to further my education within the field that is perhaps the most profound. Had it not been for the direct patient care and hands-on experience that was derived during this period of time, it is doubtful that I would have been further drawn to participating in additional education within the healthcare field. This is not due to the fact that I find the healthcare profession in and of itself unappealing. Rather, I would merely not had been presented with the full nuance of the health care profession as it exists for the actual practitioner. As a result of this experience, it is my firm belief that each and every individual, regardless of their career path, should have at least some modicum of hands-on experience so they will at the very least have an expectation for what they might come to experience each and every day of a professional career within such a field of study. Similarly, with regards to what I believe could be an important contribution to my engagement in the nursing profession, this must be understood in something of relative terms. Firstly, nursing, although within the medical profession, is a direct patient interaction that takes place on many different levels. As such, the importance of empathy, relationships, and interaction is of the utmost importance. One does not need to take an exhaustive course in psychology to understand that a great many different types of personalities exist. As such, it is not only important to consider the range of personalities that exist but also the range of cultures, religions, and worldviews that are likely to be presented to an individual but is interested in integrating with such a profession in the future. As such, on e of the unique talents and abilities that I have oftentimes been congratulated upon within my own life is the ability to engage individuals from a diverse background and provide them with a sense of security and belonging with regards to whatever needs they might have. Naturally, I expect this particular talent to be utilized within the medical profession. Moreover, I also expected to be honed and polished so that the needs of a diverse patient mixture will be able to be met within my work. Finally, identifying with individuals and getting along with them is not in and of itself the only talent or requirement that must be utilized in order to affect a positive level of patient care.

Decision making for Paramedic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Decision making for Paramedic - Essay Example ical thinking, response to emergency, efficiency and calmness, employers often expect that a qualified paramedic would be able to portray these qualities with a high standard of effectiveness. In this regard, current employers expect the employees to respond effectively to injuries, illnesses, and accidents. Communication skills and response to communication cues of the environment is another of the important skills that the training program for paramedics focus on, thus the employers expect a paramedic would be able to portray appropriate communication qualities, with ability to apply the use of modern technology for efficient and effective communication (Edwards 2011). The field of health and medicine is dynamic with continuous changes in the trend of care and management. My major expectation in the paramedic profession is to keep abreast with the changing trends in the profession through remaining relevant to the practical, technical and theoretical aspects of the profession. This would come through a constant upgrade to my technical and theoretical knowledge of the profession. Additionally, I require effective communication and interpersonal skills like teamwork, courtesy and calmness to meet the role of a paramedic (Ball 2005). According to O’Meara et al. (2012), increased industrialization contribute to medical challenges such as increased accidents and health care risks that come with industries like industrial fires. This means within the next decades, there will be an increased need for paramedics. Additionally, there are more paramedic degree holders because of the improved training program, implying an impending increase in professionalism in the field of paramedics. In the next decades, the role of paramedics would entail the provision of high-quality care and response to emergency services through the application of the modern technology, which would enable paramedics to be more efficient and effective (Ross et al., 2014). This will increase

Cardiorespiratory endurance training program Essay

Cardiorespiratory endurance training program - Essay Example It is done to improve the body’s capability to transport oxygen and nutrients to different tissues in the body. It is also done to improve the removal of wastes from the body. The body will be able to do this over sustained periods of time. Because of this, a cardiorespiratory endurance training program can help reduce the risk of diseases like heart attack, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and stroke. The cardiorespiratory endurance training program can be done three to five times a week. It should be done at a slow and steady pace in an intensity that will drop heart rate to 60 to 75% of the maximum. As with any training program, it is important to be checked by a doctor to know if you are fit to use the cardiorespiratory endurance training program. This program usually mixes a number of workouts to maximize the body’s endurance and overall fitness level. For my personal training program, I have considered a four-day per week training program that will improve my physical fitness. On the first day of training, it will target the upper body. It will include Incline Dumbbell Press, Push Up, Seated Shoulder Press, Tricep Pulldowns, Incline Dumbbell Curls, and Lateral Pulldowns. These exercises will be composed of three sets with twelve repetitions per set. The second day of training will be devoted to a cardiovascular activity. I can choose from a 20 minute run or a 30 minute swim or 30 minute cycling, depending on which activity is more appropriate for that day in terms of equipment availability and weather conditions. The third day of my training will concentrate on my lower body by doing Squats, Standing Calf Raises, Leg Extension, Seated Calf Raises, Walking Lunges, and Two Foot Long Jump. This will be done again in three sets with twelve repetitions per set. The fourth day of training will be a cardiovascular activity again, choosi ng between a 20 minute run or a 30 minute swim or

Writing to Persuade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Writing to Persuade - Essay Example 003, 22) Those who want the death penalty continued often make their arguments on the grounds of philosophical or psychological speculation stating, â€Å"The fact that a state can be just and apply the death penalty does not, of course, mean that the death penalty cannot be applied in error† (Sorell, 2002, 30). A more reality-based perspective is wanted when discussing the actual issue of the death penalty. Overall, the death penalty is not an effective deterrent to many crimes, including murder. Even though this is one of the main reasons given by its advocates, other conclusions make more rational sense. Murder, is most often done in the heat of passion or under the influence of drugs or alcohol. In this state, the person is not cognizant of the outcome of their actions; they are acting on impulse rather than planning out what they are doing. And most murders do happen this way. Those that do not are generally preplanned and worked out so that the perpetrator does not expect to receive any punishment at all. In neither of these cases is the murderer thinking of the death penalty: in the first case, they are not thinking of the future at all, and in the second, they are assuming they are not going to be caught. In both of these cases, the death penalty is not doing anything to stop the murder from happening; it is simply assuring that, to paraphrase Martin Luther King, an eye for an e ye is going to keep making the whole world blind. States that do not have the death penalty do not have greater murder rates than those that do. This exposes the practice as essentially barbaric and

Method and Results Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Method and Results - Essay Example The responses were coded and tabulated. SPSS software was used to store the data ready for analysis. The software could allow correlation of both the categorical and non-categorical variables. Consequently, it was possible for the management team of the Arizona University to find out how different factors related to the students influence the students performance (Creswell, 2008). Participants for the study were SOC 390 and SOC 391/FAS 361 students from Arizona State University. Out of the 180 students enrolled in the survey, only 166 students took part. The demographic questions of participant’s study time, alcohol intake were used in the analysis as independent variables. The amount of time the student spends studying for a typical class each week, which was measured in hours. The dependent variable was a measure of the student’s current GPA. The alcohol use was measured in terms of ratio whereas the GPA was measured in interval level of measurement whereas the time spend studying was measured in ratio (Patton, 2002). The study was based on a hypothesis that there is a positive correlation with studying and a higher GPA while there is a negative correlation with alcohol and students’ GPA. The data was analyzed using regression analysis in order to determine whether the GPA is dependent upon the study time and drinking of alcohol (McSpirit & Jones, 1999). This analysis was performed in order to determine the effects of the study time and alcohol drinking on the GPA. All of the 166 respondents provided answers in each category. The average GPA of student’s respondents was 3.2772 and the standard deviation was 0.51627. The mean of study time and alcohol consumption was 5.70 and 4.671 respectively whereas the standard deviation was 4.670 and 5.8437 respectively. Descriptive analysis was done to show more information on aspects such as variance, skewness, Kurtosis, standard

Writing to Persuade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Writing to Persuade - Essay Example 003, 22) Those who want the death penalty continued often make their arguments on the grounds of philosophical or psychological speculation stating, â€Å"The fact that a state can be just and apply the death penalty does not, of course, mean that the death penalty cannot be applied in error† (Sorell, 2002, 30). A more reality-based perspective is wanted when discussing the actual issue of the death penalty. Overall, the death penalty is not an effective deterrent to many crimes, including murder. Even though this is one of the main reasons given by its advocates, other conclusions make more rational sense. Murder, is most often done in the heat of passion or under the influence of drugs or alcohol. In this state, the person is not cognizant of the outcome of their actions; they are acting on impulse rather than planning out what they are doing. And most murders do happen this way. Those that do not are generally preplanned and worked out so that the perpetrator does not expect to receive any punishment at all. In neither of these cases is the murderer thinking of the death penalty: in the first case, they are not thinking of the future at all, and in the second, they are assuming they are not going to be caught. In both of these cases, the death penalty is not doing anything to stop the murder from happening; it is simply assuring that, to paraphrase Martin Luther King, an eye for an e ye is going to keep making the whole world blind. States that do not have the death penalty do not have greater murder rates than those that do. This exposes the practice as essentially barbaric and

Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 42

Philosophy - Essay Example Rationalism believes that knowledge is innate or inborn while learning results from intuition (Lawhead 15). It supports the Priori knowledge idea that states that knowledge comes before experience. Philosophers that support this argument include Leibniz, Kant and Descartes. Conversely, empiricism states that knowledge comes from experience (Lawhead 56). Empiricism supports the idea of posteriori that means that knowledge is dependent solely on experience. Philosophers including Humes, Locke and Berkeley support this idea (Lawhead 59). According to rationalism, all knowledge is considered to be innate. In other words, we are born with the knowledge to think logically and answer questions. Rationalism tends to be similar to mathematics in so many ways hence requires no knowledge or observation. One of the philosophers that strongly support rationalism is Descartes. He was quite interesting as he employed skepticism to doubt his own knowledge. He doubted everything until he found a single idea that he could not doubt (Lawhead 61). This was his existence. He argued that he could not depend on his senses as there was a demon controlling his thoughts. It can be concluded that Descartes doubted everything but his existence. Being able to think logically and knowing his existence made the argument sound and valid. Rationalism states that all knowledge comes from the mind. It is concerned with absolute truths that are universally accepted. This is known to be one of the strongest points of this argument (Lawhead 67). This approach encourages all individuals to be rational thinkers and think things through before they accept them to be the truth. On the other hand, it is difficult to apply in every situation in life owing to its abstract nature. Moreover, it sidelines intuition and instinct that are forms of knowledge. We must have experienced something to know that it exists. How can we know

Lord of the Flies Essay Example for Free

Lord of the Flies Essay A symbol can express an idea, clarify meaning, or enlarge literal meaning. In the book, â€Å" Lord of the Flies† by William Golding, there are many symbols such as the pig’s head, fire, painted faces, and Piggy’s glasses. However one symbol stands out more than the others, the conch. The conch symbolizes order, government, savagery, and even one of the characters called Piggy. Order was one of the main themes that the conch symbolized. When Ralph and Piggy first found the conch Piggy said, â€Å"We can use this to call the others. Have a meeting. They’ll come when they hear us. † (16). Automatically they find the conch, blow on it, and everyone on the island comes to the platform. This shows that they are trying to have everything be put in order by calling a meeting and discussing everything that is going on, and to discuss how they are going to survive. Another example of order is, â€Å" I’ll give the conch to the next person to speak. He can hold it when he’s speaking. We’ll have rules! Lots of rules! † (33). This shows that they want the order of England and of school. When in school, if the students have a question or an answer, they raise their hands and say what they are going to say. Another main theme in this book that the conch symbolizes is government. For example, when they called the meeting Ralph said, â€Å" Seems to me we ought to have a chief to decide things. † (22). This shows that they want for the island to be like England and have a ruler. The ruler would tell them what is right, what is wrong, and how they should be doing everything. Another example of government is, â€Å" Let him be chief with the trumpet-thing. † (22). The children on the island wanted Ralph to be the chief because he started to lead by just blowing the conch. To the children it showed that he knew what he was doing, and they thought he knew how to go home. The other theme that the conch symbolizes is the savagery. For example, Jack explained. â€Å" I agree with Ralph. We’ve got to have rules and obey them. After all, we’re not savages. We’re English, and the English are best at everything. So we’ve got to do all the right things. † (42). This shows that in the beginning of the book, Jack thinks that they are not savages. The thing is that every human has savagery in them in some way or form. Toward the end of the book when Jack is in the separate tribe, it describes, â€Å" Before the party has started a great log had been dragged into the center of the lawn and Jack, painted and garlanded, sat there like an idol. There were piles of meat on green leaves near him, and fruit, and coconut shells full of drink. † (149). The conch forced Jack to make a separate tribe, because he was tired of taking orders from Ralph. He wanted to be chief so badly that he created a tribe and convinced almost all of the children to go to his side. He provided the children with meat and protection that Ralph didn’t. The conch also symbolized the book’s character of Piggy. An example would be when the plan first crashed and the meeting was not called, Piggy said, â€Å" S’right. It’s a shell! I seen one like that before. On someone’s back wall. A conch he called it. He used to blow it and then his mum would come. It’s ever so valuable. † (15). At the beginning he was the one who discovered the conch. Piggy was also the one to tell Ralph to blow on the conch so that all the children on the island would all meet at the platform. Another example would be one of the main turning points in the book, â€Å" The rock struck Piggy a glancing blow from the chin to knee; the conch exploded into a thousand white fragments and ceased to exist. Piggy, saying nothing, with no time for even a grunt, traveled through the air sideways from the rock, turning over as he went. (181). When Piggy first arrived on the island he found the conch, and when Piggy died the conch died along with him. Once Piggy and the conch were gone, the order of the island was gone as well. The conch was both the leader and the assaciane at the same time. At first the conch was the one who brought the tribe together. It provided order and a sense of government on the island. However, in the end in was the one to tear everyone apart. It created Jack to act as a savage and for him to create a whole new tribe to torture Ralph. Once the conch exploded all the order and the government went with it, and out came the savage in everyone. In the end they even get rescued because of the conch. When the conch exploded into pieces, Jack’s tribe went to go find Ralph to kill him. Jack set the whole island on fire to smoke Ralph out to kill him. By setting the island on fire the smoke could be seen from miles away. The navy was able to see the smoke and they came to rescued the children. Isn’t it ironic. The whole time Ralph talked about the fire being the main priority, and in the end Jack’s fire rescued them from the island.

Factors Affecting the Global Nursing Shortage

Factors Affecting the Global Nursing Shortage Nursing shortage has increased greatly and rapidly in recent years with well developed hospital systems. However, as considering nursing job satisfaction, commitment, and quality of care as a significant issues for health care organizations, there are high level of turnover rate and staff absenteeism. Nevertheless, satisfied nurses are more commitment; provide high level of performance, and creative. Moreover, several studies have demonstrated the relationship between staff satisfaction, patient satisfaction, and the quality of provided care (AL-Hussami, 2008). It found that nursing satisfaction is affected by several factors. Higgins (1999) point out, nurses will have a great sense of satisfaction within the job if they work autonomously, and empowered them self. While Chen-chug, Samuels and Judith (2003) indicated that health care policies have an impact on nursing satisfaction as an effective policies will meet the staff needs and be more satisfied. Work related factors such as workload and stress, clinical supervision, salary, leadership style, and motivation are the most related factors related to job satisfaction among the nurses (Bartram, Joiner, and Stanton; AL-Hussami 2008) Working as a nursing demonstrator at King Abdu Aziz University (KAAU) and acting as a clinical instructor in the university hospital (KAAUH) with regard to nursing management, I have a professional interest to enhancing the quality of nursing care by identifying the associated factors of job dissatisfaction. Embarking on this fieldwork, the following paper will focus exclusively on the methods of practicing theory-based and acquired nursing knowledge by employing Herzberg job satisfaction theory into the environment of improving the quality of nursing care and to be satisfied with the job in KAAUH. First of all, reflection of my experience by using Carper model will be presented. Secondly, the concept of job satisfaction will be defined. Then a detailed description of Herzberg theory will be discussed. Finally, applying of Herzberg theory in to practice to have a high job satisfaction among nurses will be explained. Aesthetic: In this experience I tried to maintain a healthful work environment with a high quality of care by reducing the level of stress and anxiety for both the staff nurse and the patient. Moreover, I was seeking to have an effective communication and relationship with this patient to be more relaxed and satisfied with the provided care. Also, the patient safety is an important issue should be considered in this situation as the nurse was complaining from insufficient knowledge about choosing the appropriate vein and the right skills to insert the cannula. So, I asked her to go for a rest and seek for a help from the other staffs to insert the cannula for several reasons. The nurse can be more relaxed without dealing with this patient in this situation. Moreover, in order to avoid the possibility of conflict. In addition, to maintain the safety for the patient by prevent the occurrence of the complications. So, the patient will be in the safe way, more comfortable and satisfied with the pro vided care and no more complain can be documented. However, I felt that the nurse was very confused and she had a low self esteem of what she did, but she did not recognized that this is the best action for both of them. Personal: As a human being I understand the level of the pain and anxiety that this patient was encountered. I felt and I knew that the patient needs a help from the other health care providers to be survived by avoiding the dealing with this irritated staff. Moreover, I recognised that he was aggressive with the nurse not because she is a nurse, but because of his feeling of pain and high level of anxiety. One of the main issues in this situation was the communication. There was no communication and no trust relationship. As the nurse patient relationship is very important to develop a support and trust between them which is considered as a crucial issue while providing the care. The communication process between the nurse and the patient was brooked down that cause a violent behaviour from the patient. Ethics: I think I have managed the situation probably in the right way. The workload and the in appropriate skills could lead to the nursing error which affects on the patients outcomes. As with this experience the patient has the possibility of cannula complication. Moreover, the inability to communicate, understands the patient culture, provide a support and the explaining the problem will increase the level of anxiety and reduce the quality of care. In addition, to understand the nursing profession and their roles is very important concern to enhance the communication and the nurse patient relationship. I think to avoid looking to the nursing job as a terrible job is very important to the nurse to practice and provide the care with high level of confident. Moreover, I am as a nurse needs more attention from the hospital organization and from my nurse manager to develop my career by increasing the level of knowledge. Furthermore, reduce the work overload by suitable staff allocation is an essential. As it is known that the emergency department has crowded patients with different symptoms. In this situation I feel that the nurse manager should allocate two qualified staff in each observational room to decrease the workload possibility. Empirics: Quality in the health care is defined as performing, practicing and providing the care directed to the patients in the appropriate time and way to achieve the excellence and have a best patients outcomes. It noticed that the hospitals with satisfied nurses and low rate of nurses turnover are providing a high quality of care and this could be result in patient satisfaction with the giving care. Nurse staffing has a major role on the patients safety and their outcomes. Evidence based practice reviewed 26 studies of nursing staffing and the patients outcomes. It has reported that the low nurse staff the more clients adverse affects such as pressure sore. Furthermore, it found that there are several factors contributing to the low staff nurses in the hospitals. Workload in the ward with few staff nurses can lead to many effects such as work stress which is identified as the main obstacle of providing a high quality of care. Stress among nursing staff could be result from many different reasons. According to Ditzel.E.M stress is duo to the workload, long hour shifts and the type of the task or procedure. Moreover, nursing participation in the patient care plan is a significant issue to provide a high quality of care. It has demonstrated that a good contribution will result a good outcomes. In addition, the high quality of care can be performed with a high level of knowledge. So , the staff development and continuing education is very crucial in any hospital to produce high qualified and satisfied nurses. At the end of the reflection, it acknowledged that job satisfaction is identified as concept that will be clearly defined and stated in the next section based on evidence. Concept In all hospitals throughout the world, it seems that the main concern of the patient is to receive a good quality of nursing care and to be treated properly. Moreover, nurses are demonstrating their knowledge and skills while giving the care, and make the patients to feel more comfortable through providing the appropriate support for them as a human being ( ). In addition, the quality of care is known as practicing accurately, at the correct time and way for the appropriate person to achieve an excellent result by providing safety, efficiently, timely and focused on patients (Wisconsin Hospital Association 2009). Therefore, to provide a high quality of nursing care through the hospital organizations, the nurses should be satisfied with their job which is considered as a significant issue for the patients, hospitals and for themselves (policy, 2008). Nursing care has been examined, explained, and defined through the literature during the past few decades by a number of researchers. Ho wever, numerous studies have demonstrated that there is a connection between the nursing satisfaction and the quality of provided care. To some extent, dissatisfied nurses with their job will lead to higher rate of patients harmful outcomes (Stanton, 2004). As it found that nursing satisfaction is creating a chain, high level of nursing satisfaction lead to high quality of care and this can result in patient satisfaction within the care (Weiss, 2002). Complementing these studies the other studies have evident that low job satisfaction will affect on the quality of care and raise the plan to leave the career among nurses. Moreover, this issue is considered as a challenge which facing the health care organizations (Buchan and Aiken, 2008). Therefore, define job satisfaction defined as: A pleasurable emotional state resulting from the appraisal of ones job, an affective reaction to ones job, and an attitude towards ones job(Weiss, 2002). It revealed that nursing satisfaction is associated with many several factors that could affect on the quality of care. As a numerous studies have discovered that work related factors play an important role in nursing satisfaction. Al-ahmadi,H conducted a study to find out the reasons of job dissatisfaction among Saudi nurses, and she found that the job performance and the organizational commitment are strongly affect on the level of job satisfaction. In 2009, Ditzel.E demonstrated that the workload is identified as essential factor which reduce the level of job satisfaction among the nurses and lead to increase the job stress which result in harmful outcomes. Furthermore, based on the review of nine articles Comber and Barriball (2007) have reported that the contributing factors related to the work environment are important with nursing turnover more than the demographic factors. Nurses salary is identified as one of the essential factors of nursing satisfaction. However, some findi ng claimed that nurses salary do not affect on their work, While other studies have shown the connection between the salary and level of job satisfaction among the nurses. Trembly et al., have argued that the in adequate salary could be a main reason for some nurses and let them to quit. Staff development and continuing education has a significant impact on nursing ability to produce high quality of care. Educational programs which are offered by the health care organizations will increase the level of the knowledge to produce a high quality of care and eliminate the possibility of nursing errors. Although previous researchers have identified that nurses careers have various stages, a few papers have recognized that nursing job required different programs to respond to their need(Chang, Chou and Cheng, 2007). Considering the Patient safety it seems that it is the major source of dissatisfaction to most of the nurses. The nurses were unconfident and felt guilty as they were unable to provide the appropriate care (Stanton, 2004). Consequently, the concept of job satisfaction is very crucial as it will affect on their level of performance. Herzberg theory overview In this section Herzbergs theory of motivation is identified as the most appropriate theory that can increase the level of nursing satisfaction, and to provide the patient safety . To effectively apply Herzberg theory in to practice, one needs to fully establish an understanding of the concept and the theory. So, Herzbergs theory of job satisfaction and its feasibility will be clearly described. Frederick Herzbergs is a psychologist who creates the theory of motivation in the late of 1959s and it is known as two factor theory (Marquis and Huston, 2003). In this theory, Herzberg used Maslows general theory of motivation particularly in work motivation (Huber, 2006). The theory was developed after interviewing two groups of employees to identify the main reasons of job satisfaction and dissatisfaction. From this interview Herzberg elucidates the contributing factors that motivate the staffs throughout categorizing their individual requirements. Herzberg wrote a phrase which is said  We can expand by stating that the job satisfiers deal with the factors involved in doing the job, whereas the job dissatisfies deal with the factors which define the job context. (Herzberg, 1959). Herzberg states that the job satisfaction and dissatisfaction are two different phenomenons (Sullivan and Decker, 2005). Furthermore, the theory developed through two dimensions to job satisfaction. It is based on the  concept that motivation can be  divided into hygiene factors and motivation factors.   Moreover, the theory concludes that there are two type of motivation (Syptak, Marsland and Ulmer 1999). According to Herzberg (1959), Hygiene Factors are not motivates the employees, but these factors can affect on the level of dissatisfaction; in other word, this factors will decrease the dissatisfaction among the staffs. Hygiene factors incorporate supervision, interpersonal relations, physical working conditions, and salary. Hence, these factors are related to the environment and lead to dissatisfaction. On the other hands, the motivator factors seems to be the factors that can motivate the employee by gratifying the individuals requirements and needs for personal development as they are associated to the job itself. Motivator factors include achievement, advancement, recognition and responsibility. It appears that with the adequate hygiene factors, the staffs would be not dissatisfied and enough motivators need to be existing to enhance the level of job satisfaction (Huber, 2006). It is important to notice that the opposite of dissatisfaction could not be satisfaction as well as the lack of motivators does not lead to dissatisfaction (Marquis and Huston, 2003). For example, if the hygiene factors are at low level, the staffs will be unsatisfied, and when the hygiene factors are at high level the staffs are not dissatisfies, but they are not motivated for higher performance. Conversely, when the motivators are at high level the staffs will be satisfied and provide a high level of quality (Manisera, Dusseldrop and Kooij, 2005). Critical analysis Herzbergs theory is adequate; he completely addressed his theory. This theory of motivation is clear and understandable as it makes the others to understand the nature of the job satisfaction by introducing these two factors of motivation. Herzberg developed his theory by using the study of Maslow, but he focused exclusively on the work structure. However, he did not define the concept of job satisfaction, but he identified and states the two factors that affect on the job satisfaction. Herzberg recognized the two main factors which are the main component of his theory. Motivator and hygiene factors are simply described and explained by Herzberg. This theory is widely applicable and being used in restructuring and designing the work in many organizations, as Herzberg identified the significant needs for the staff to be motivated and to increase the level of productivity. Based on the two factors of Herzbergs theory, Bare (2004) demonstrates that the nurse managers are deliberating th e motivation factors when they prepare and apply the policies to recruit and retain the nurses for a long period of time. In addition, the managers may also take into consideration the hygiene factors such as salary, as the very well paid is normally the answer for long term problems. There are nemoures studies have supported herzbergs theory. Lundberg ,Gudmundson and andersson (2009) have tested Herzbergs theory in hospitality and tourism management. They found that this theory has been used widely in several contexts. For instance, a study of Parsons and Broadbrides (2006) cited by Lundberg, Gudmundson and andersson (2009), they applied herzbergs classification of intrinsic factors sauch as responsibility, work itself and recognition, and extrinsic factors as working conditions and salary. The significant results reported that there is a high level of satisfaction with intrinsic factors, and low level of satisfaction with extrinsic factors which indicates the agreement with herzbergs theor. Furthermore, a conducted study of Furnham, Forde and Ferraris (1999) gave an example of herzbergs theory application in a study of personality and work motivation, they concluded that motivation factors are significant in the workplace, while heygiene factors are more critica l in selecting a job. Beside these studies, herzbergs two factor theory was applied in a study of nurses satisfaction within nursing crare and work in psychatric units (swedish study), it revealed that this theory support the purpose of clinical supervision which had a convinced effect on nursing satisfaction (Rask and Levander, 2002). Friedlanders (1963) carried out a study that show the agreement with herzbergs theory. In 1963 Friedlanders examined a 17 item questionnaire which evaluate the value of each item as a cause of employee satisfaction. In his result he found that there are three factors, two of these factors were matched with herzbergs two factors hyiegene and motivation, on the other hand the third factor derived from both hyegiene and motivation factors. Moreover, a further study reveald that the results were supported to herzbergs theory was conducted by Halpern (1966). Halpern had 93 subject and they were asked regarding the aspect of liked job on a 7 item scale. In the results he discovered that there are two points, which are satisfaction with the work itself and achievments opportunities, are reported as the best concerns in a liked job. In addition, he added that all of his subjects were satisfied with herzbergs two factors hyiegene and motivation similarly. However, this theory resulted in much controversy in the work place. Part of the argument was due to present the salary as a factor that does not play a role in job satisfaction (Manisera et al., 2005), while Trembly et al., argued that the in adequate salary could be a main reason for some staff for let them to quit. Moreover, some critics do not recognize the clarity between the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation (Huber, 2006; Marquis and Huston, 2003; Manisera et al., 2005). Nevertheless, it appeared that part of the doubt around Herzberg theory was in Herzberg methodology and the lack of identifying the relationship between the two variables. Basically, Herzberg was collected his data by interviewing and questioning the employee with two situations related to their job experience. Firstly, they asked to think of time that they feel satisfied and dissatisfied with the job. Secondly, they asked to discuss their situations and identify the factors associated to their satisfaction an d dissatisfaction with the job. Lindsay, Marks and Gorlow (1967) have examined the Herzberg methodology. They reported that Herzberg did not control the number of situations form a given employee, or either the number of the associated factors of their job. They argued that this theory did not state the relation and the effects between these two variables which are hygiene and motivator factors to the job satisfaction and dissatisfaction. Furthermore, it found that according to Herzberg distinction in his methodology, he will gain different results (Furnham et al., 1999). it is important to notice that the literature have demonestrated other studies that showed the disagreement with herzberg theory. Lindsay et al., (1967) revealed that the results of their study have shown that the staff will be satisfied with their success on a job even if there is a lack in the organization policies, or if there are inadequate environments around the job. However, workers who do not experience as if they have a great achievement on their job will be dissatisfied even if the environments around the job are helpful. Therefore, these results are obviously inconsistent with Herzbergs argument that there is no relation between the two factors. In addition, several studies evident that motivator factors are very significant more than hygiene factors in relation to satisfaction, while Herzberg did not refer to this point in his theory. Furnham et al., (1999) indicate that how can this theory used within the organisations without state the difference of persons gender, culture and age group. However, three main studies demonstrated that their results were supportive with Herzbergs result that hyiegne factors lead to dissatisfaction, and motivator factors lead to satisfaction (Mayers 1964; Saleh 1964; Schewartz, Jenusaitis and Stark, 1963). Moreover, the theory is still valid, applicable, and useful to applied in any management organisation (Furnham, et al., 1999; Lundberg et al., 20 09). To sum up, it believed that Herzbergs theory is being used in various management contexts such as nursing satisfaction, hospitality and tourism management, and in a personality and motivation study. Despite of that fact that this theory is useful, it found that there are a limitation within this theory within the methodology and the relation between these two factors where few studies state that there is a relation. Theory into practice: Basically, using Herzberg theory in any health care organization will motivate the staff and increase their level of satisfaction. Considering the two factors theory, the organizations will be noticed a plenty of changes among their staff on various levels (Byrne, 2006). Herzbergs theory is widely used in the management and nursing organizations. For instance, this theory is used to increase nursing satisfaction in psychiatric unit. Applying Herzberg theory in King Abdul Aziz University Hospital (KAAUH) to increase the level of satisfaction will be as following: Hygiene factors: Despite the fact that hygiene factors (policy, supervision, interpersonal relation, work environment, and salary) are not considering as the source of the job satisfaction, it is important to treat these factors effectively in KAAUH to generate a good environment with satisfied staff and high quality of care. The health care policy is essential in any health care organization. Moreover, the purpose of the policy is to provide a plan of action or instructions to guide decisions and achieve the organization outcomes, increase the quality of care, and staff satisfaction (Huber 2006). However, the nurses involvement in the health policy at KAAUH is very important as it affects on the nurses care and the profession itself. Nurses participation in the health policy as policy makers will make significant changes in the nursing practice, education, responsibilities and roles. It found that the nursing practice has an impact on health care policy (Finkelman 2006; McCloskey, 2004). As a result, the contribution of nurses in health policy is significant in order to raise the level of job satisfaction. Although nursing involvement in the health policy is crucial, the health care policies can be a source of dissatisfaction among the staff nurses (Syptak et al., 1999). However, the policy at KAUH should be clear, easy and should be followed. Moreover, it is important that the policy should be applicable, and easy to access for all the staff by having manual copies in each word. Furthermore, the policies must be updated and depend on the evidence based researchers to enhance the quality of care and patients safety. With regard to clinical supervision, it seems that it strongly affect on job satisfaction, turnover, and the quality of care (  Kristiina, Kaija and  Riina, 2006). In the terms of increase the job satisfaction among new qualified nurses at KAUH, a mentorship program can be applied effectively to reduce the turnover rate and increase the level of performance. Mentorship is known as supportive relationship recognized between the mentor and the mentee, where the knowledge, skills, and experiences are shared through the supervision role (Curtis, 2003). Consequently, Mentors play a critical role in supporting, teaching and assessing the practice which lead to increase nursing satisfaction and improve the quality of care and patients safety (ButtelWorth, 1995). In order to provide an adequate supervision in the clinical area, there are some responsibilities for the supervision. The supervisor at KAAUH should give a clear and positive feedback to make the staffs feel that they can trust their supervisor. Furthermore, the reliable and fairly approach to evaluate the staff performance is very significant issue to consider in this hospital. In addition, this role required leadership skills to treat with all staff equally (ButtelWorth, 1995; Syptak et al., 1999). Considering the interpersonal relation at KAAUH, it can be observed through the process of socializing. With the important role of the nurse manager, there will be an interpersonal interaction between the staff to convey knowledge, value, and supporting each other to achieve their goals (Huber2006). Furthermore, it is important to notice that socializing is very essential process in particular with the new qualified nurses, to have a successful work transition, and reduce the risk of getting shock at KAAUH (Huber 2006). Therefore, the staffs can cultivate their teamwork by their socializing (Syptak et al., 1999). It is important to notice that the working environment has an impact on the level of quality care and patient safety (Rashotte, 2008). Therefore, the health care organization at KAAUH should provide a healthy work environment for the nurses to be satisfied with the level of giving care and enhance the quality. Moreover, all the facilities, and required equipments are important to be available with an appropriate allocation of the personnel and adequate nurse patient ratio to avoid the possibility of overload. In addition, beside the physical environment, it is important that the organization at KAUH should motivate the staff to believe that their role is very critical in providing the care to increase their confidence and self esteem. It can be seen that through the staffs contribution in to practice, and good relationship with the other health care professions to work as teamwork, will resulted in a positive outcomes and high quality of care for the patients (Boughton, 2009; Rashott e, 2008; Syptak et al., 1999). Salary is considered as a controversial topic among the nurses and the health care organizations. The staff at KAAUH wants to be paid equally and fairly and not depend on the nationalities as the Indian and Filipinos salary are less that Saudis salary. In addition, if the staffs are not well paid they will not be satisfied with their work (swansburg. J and swansburg. C, 1999). 2. Motivator factors: Motivation factors ( responsibility, achievement, rewarding) are significant factors to be satisfied with the staff performance. However, the staff can be pleased with these factors only when the staff starts to the work, in contrast to hygiene factors which do not recognized how much the hard work is. One way of increasing the level of job satisfaction and motivate staff nurses in KAAUH is by giving them the freedom and the power to perform their tasks. Therefore, they will feel that they are capable and responsible within the quality of the care. Generally, as they become advance in their work they will add more responsibility. However, the added responsibility should be meaningful and exciting and not in sequence of overload. For example, the nurse manger can motivate their staff in the terms of increasing the accountability through the delegation process to develop new skills (Syptak et al., 1999). Achievement is the staffs aspect within the work and in the beginning of their career to be succeeded. To assist them in KAAUH, it is very important that the employees are allocated in the right position, so they can practice their skills, knowledge, and avoid the risk of work overload. Moreover, goals, policies, and standards at KAAUH should be clear for the staff nurses to follow. Furthermore, the staffs must be given a frequent, timely feedback on how they are doing within the work. Therefore, when the individuals have a success and achievement with the work at KAAUH, they need to be recognized for their achievement. Recognition of job performance is essential to staff nurse confidence and self esteem. It seems that acknowledgement and praise nurses achievement for a good handling of the situations are very significant issue to be considered by the nurse manager at KAAUH (Syptak et al., 1999; Coughlin, 2000). In terms of rewarding the staff for their achievement, it appeared as a good motivator to raise the level of their satisfaction at KAUH. However, there are different types of rewarding the staff nurses. The rewards can be financial and non-financial. Financial is monetary while the non-financial is a psychological rewards. Rewarding staff in KAAUH by giving the opportunity of continuing education is one type in relation to the advancement. According to Gieter et al., (2006) they demonstrated that the non-financial and psychological rewards are more important than the financial rewards. It can be evident that with the development of clinical advancement department in KAAUH, participating of education department and the role of the nurse managers to reward their staff in the hospital, the nurses will have the opportunity to advance their level of practice through several courses or conferences, knowledge, and the chance to conduct nursing research by supporting them as a reward for the ir achievement. To conclude, applying Herzbergs theory into KAAUH seems to experience some difficulties. Through this organization it is difficult to maintain a socializing between the staff. As a result of nursing shortage, there is no time for the staff to be socialized even though it is hard for the nurse manager to make an arrangement for it. Moreover, it appeared that rewarding system or department is not existed in this hospital, which requires an administrative support to develop it. However, while applying this theory, it seems that there is a considerable relation between hygiene and motivator factors which is not mentioned by Herzberg. Nevertheless, it is useful and applicable with salary, supervision, working environment, policy, and resposibility to provide a high productivity level. Conclusion: Nursing satisfaction is considered as the main concern for the all health care organizations in order to reduce the turnover rate. This paper suggests that through the concept definition of job satisfaction, high level of job satisfaction will improve the quality of nursing care, and lead to patient satisfaction. Moreover, Herzberg has identified two main factors that can be applied by many organizations to increase the level of staff satisfaction. Hygiene factors is related to job dissatisfaction, while motivation factors leading to job satisfaction. This theory has been used in several studies, nursing studies as well as management studies. Nursing studies applied Herzberg theory to increase their satisfaction in several aspects such as clinical supervision, rewarding and achievements, where as this paper attempted to apply the two factors theory (motivation and hygiene) in KAAUH to increase the satisfaction and enhance nursing care. It evident that Herzbergs theory is clear, adequ ate, consistent, and it has been widely used effectively. However, the debate of this theory was in the methodology, and the inability to recognize the relationship between these two variables (Lindsay, Marks and Gorlow 1967). Furthermore, the inability to differentiate between the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation is reported as a critique of this theory (Huber. D 2006, Marquis. B, Huston. C 2003, Manisera. M et al., 2005). It should be noted that applying thi

Sammy Keyes and the Search for Snake Eyes :: essays research papers

Title: Sammy Keyes and the Search for Snake Eyes Genre: Mystery Author: Wendelin van Draanen Pages: 277 Choice: 3 I think the word â€Å"responsible† describes the main character, Sammy. She is very brave and she’s a troublemaker, but she also cares a lot about other people. I believe that Sammy is responsible since she took good care of the baby and worried about it even after it was taken in by a welfare organization until its mother got it back. It started when she was hanging out in the arcade one day while her friend, Marissa, played games. Then all of a sudden a frightened woman comes in and hides behind her. She gives Sammy a Sears bag and tells her to meet her back at the mall at 7:00 with the bag. After she leaves, Sammy soon discovers that a baby is inside the bag! When she returns at 7:00, she waits there for three hours but the mother doesn’t show up. The woman specifically told her not to take the baby to the police, so Sammy didn’t. She returns to her grandmother’s house with the baby, and since there are no kids allowed where her grandma lives, she has to be extra careful that the baby doesn’t cry. The reason that she went to her grandmother’s house is because that’s where she lives. Her mother left her a long time ago. Anyway, she spends the whole night taking care of the baby by feeding it with the formula provided in the bag, and changing its diapers. She soon gets really sick of it. In the morning, before school, she decides that it’s unsafe and annoying to have the baby around and take care of it, and she feels the baby would also be safer in the hands of the

Galaxy and Dense Gas Passes

Comparing a yellow star, a blue star, and a red star, we could determine Just from color that the hottest star was the 10. One. BLUE Rotation curves of spiral galaxies show that stars' orbital speeds don't drop off with distance from the galactic center as expected, and thus imply the existence of . The main sequence includes the following kinds of stars: B) Hot, blue, large, massive ones and cool, red, small, low-mass ones 12. Which of the following was not an era In the history of the universe?The phases of the moon are caused by D) The alignment of the Earth/moon/sun system making a different portion of the Spectra help us determine the composition of astronomical objects because A) Each element, compound, or ion has a different set of spectral lines. 15. Dark energy is the most important factor in the of the universe. A) Accelerating 16. Universe scenario for the fate The outer planets are more massive than the inner planets because C) Both of the above 17. The three basic types of galaxies are B) Spiral, elliptical, and irregular. 8. A planet orbiting a star feels a force due to the star's gravity that C) Increases with the star's mass and decreases with the square of the distance. 19. Massive main sequence stars A) Have hot cores, use their hydrogen rapidly, and go supernova after a short life. 0. Hubbub's law gives us an indirect way to measure a galaxy's D) Distance. 21. We can determine an object's temperature from its thermal (or â€Å"blackbody') spectrum by finding the wavelength at which it emits the most electromagnetic radiation.Galileo findings from his telescopic observations were revolutionary because he showed that the heavens were not perfect. B) FALSE 28. If the sun had begun fusion later, so it did not clear the solar nebula of its remaining gas so soon, Uranus and Neptune might have become as large as Jupiter and Saturn are now. A) TRUE 29. If the sun somehow instantaneously became a 1 solar mass black hole, the Earth According to Hubbub 's law, the reediest of a distant galaxy is directly related to its temperature. B) False

Intel Company Analysis

Today, Intel is used in many personal computers and lab-tops. The company has made a brand for itself and has been able to sustain ranks among many notable competitors. Today, Intel holds greater than 80 percent of the microprocessors market because of the success of its Pentium chip (Semiconductor 1). This report contains information pertaining to the Intel Company from the beginning and up to 2001. As many computer chip companies Intel had battles being at the top of the competitor’s lists, as well as producing products worth individual attention. This report will give a background of the company, an industry analysis that will explain Intel’s top competitors in detail, a SWOT analysis, a financial analysis and will conclude with suggestions that can help the company grow further. The Intel Corporation began in 1968. Two men are named the founder’s of this company; Robert Noyce, Gordon Moore. Originally, Noyce and Moore wanted to name the company â€Å"Moore Noyce† after their names but realized it sounded like â€Å"more noise† and was not a suitable name for a computer chip company. The company was then named Intel for â€Å"integrated technology. The early focus of the company was on integrated circuit memory devices. One of the first tasks encountered by Intel was producing a DRAM (dynamic random access memory) with a lower price. In 1970, the 1103 was produced. The 1103 was the world’s first 1-kilobyte DRAM. This undercut prices and had increased performance while being smaller. By 1972 the 1103 was the bestselling semiconductor memory chip in the world and the first commercial computer available was the HP 9800 series. Intel was able to gain market share at this time and this allowed them to continue researching and developing new products. However, by 1978 Intel was a full generation behind the Japanese when it came to the 16K DRAM and by 1984 Intel’s total share in DRAMs was barely 1%. The EPROM was produced and it allowed easy programming and gave users the capability to erase memory with ultraviolet light. It was not until Intel decided to raise the prices of the EPROM technology that it made money and in 1984 the EPROM was Intel’s â€Å"money maker. † The microprocessor was invented in 1971 and at that time Intel did not see the potential to use it for personal computers. The 4004 microprocessor was primarily used in calculators but in 1974 the 8080 microprocessor became the standard and Intel became the Industry leader in 8- bit market (Intel 1). Then in 1980, Intel’s 8088 microprocessor was teamed with IBM’s first Personal Computer. This gave Intel a large competitive advantage. Grove stated: â€Å"The presence of IBM in the early ‘80s was crucial. By winning that contract, we won the whole industry design. † This led to the development of the 80386, the first 32-bit processor in 1985. The 386 was an instant success and at that time Intel also decided to sole-produce and stop sourcing to AMD. This led to an eight year legal battle that was eventually negotiated in 1995. To continue gaining competitive advantage Intel moved into other markets. In 1998 Intel begins moving into digital photography, video, networking equipment and Internet commerce markets by manufacturing special chips (Intel 1). However, by 2001 Intel announced it was going remain focused on microchips. At that time Intel had a clear competitive advantage over the microchip market. The SIC code for Intel is 3674 for semiconductors and related devices. The NAICS code is 334413 for semiconductor and related device manufacturing. The semiconductor industry is very cyclical. For instance, in the year 1995 sales grew 40% and were up to $150 billion but in 2001sales fell sharply to $139 billion (Semiconductor 1). In order for Intel to gain and maintain market share they needed to have unique success factors. There are many key success factors for Intel. Intel started with innovators. Noyce and Moore were able to take chances and risks that caused a very successful company. These two were also good managers. They made few mistakes and really took advantage of all their employees. They placed their employees as a top priority and stressed openness, innovativeness and responsibility (Carmichael 1). Intel Corporations top competitors are Texas Instruments, AMD, and Motorola. Texas Instrument started in 1930 by Dr. Clarence Karcher and Eugene McDermott. It started as a Geophysical service that had a unique way of using seismology to explore oil. In order to keep their equipment out of sight from competitors they hired J. Erik Johnson. The company made headway by teaming with the military and in 1961 TI invents the first computer with a silicon integrated base for the Airforce. Then, in 1967 TI invented the first hand-held calculator. Texas instruments have a variety of products from clocks to digital signal processors. Texas Instrument’s main competitive advantage over Intel is calculators. While Intel’s focus was personal computers, Texas Instruments was dominating calculators and the education campaign. AMD Corporation is a company similar to Intel. During the early years AMD and Intel worked together to produce quality products. AMD began in 1969 by founder Jerry Sanders. In 1982, IBM had AMD sign as a second source to Intel for their manufacturing (AMD 1). It was clear that these companies were competing to have the competitive advantage over each other. Another semiconductor company in the industry is Motorola. Motorola began in the 1920s by Paul Galvin. In 1993 Motorola was ranked third of the world’s semiconductor manufacturers (Semiconductor 1). During the early years Motorola had a communication focus. There first product was a battery eliminator that allowed customer’s to use radios without batteries. They began developing pagers and cell phones and their six sigma quality allowed for good competitive advantage. The five forces model helps to draw conclusions about the entire industry. For threats of new entrance the condition is low. In the semiconductor business many companies have patented products. The products produced in this industry are based on innovation. These patents will make it hard for a new entrant to join the industry. Another reason the threat of a new entrant is low in this industry is the asset specificity. This industry requires highly specialized technology and most potential entrants will be reluctant to acquire these specialized assets. For these reasons the threat of new entrants in this industry is low. For bargaining power of suppliers the condition is high. The condition is high because there is a significant cost to switch suppliers. An example of this is Intel’s relationship with PC manufacturers. Intel cannot switch manufacturers without expecting a high cost. The bargaining power of customers is associated with the impact that customer’s have on a producing industry. In the industry of Intel the power of customer’s is medium to low. In this industry the producer’s supply a critical portion of buyer’s input. Intel is the producer in this instance. They are supplying a crucial piece to the buyer and the buyer needs to be willing to pay the price for the piece of equipment. However, to have a competitive advantage in this industry there needs to be some bargaining power to the customers. Maintaining a reasonable price compared to other competitors is very important so the buyer’s keep coming back. In any industry there is going to be a threat of substitutes. In the industry of Intel the threat of substitutes is medium. Competitors in this industry are always going to try and invent the best processor that all individuals will eventually need. However, because of the number of patents and copyrights in this industry substituting other firm inventions become difficult. The last condition facing industries according to the five forces model is rivalry. In this industry the rivalry condition is high. There are many reasons it can be said that the rivalry is high in this industry. For one, the exit barriers are high. Even if the firm is unprofitable at a certain time the cost to exit the industry forces the firm to compete and stay in the industry. Second, high fixed costs in this industry intensify rivalry. The fight for market share in this industry is high because firms must fight to sell the large quantities in production. Another reason of high rivalry in this industry is the number of firms. With the large number of firms competing the rivalry increases because each firm wants to gain market share. Intel as a company can be looked at more in depth by a SWOT analysis. This analysis focuses on strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to the company. Intel has many strengths. One strength is their strong market position and brand name. The company started out with nothing and has become one of the best microprocessor companies. Advanced technology capabilities are also strength to the Intel Company. Without these advance technologies Intel would not be a successful company. The innovative technologies are at the core of the company. Another strength of Intel is their strategic alliances and partnerships. â€Å"The company has partnerships with major players including Asustek Computer, Comstar, Cisco, Fujitsu, IBM, Microsoft, Micron Technology, Sun Microsystems, Sprint,Verizon, and Yahoo! (Datamonitor). These partnership have enabled Intel to produce very significant projects. Also, partnering limits competition in the market. Without worrying about what the other company is going to come out with next, partnering allows for both companies to work together to come up with a great product Some weaknesses of the Intel company include their lack of customer concentration. Intel is a micro processing manufacturing comp any so the number of customer’s consuming the products is low. Intel has high dependence on these customers which reduces bargaining power. Not being able to reduce prices quickly can also hurt Intel. With Intel, reducing prices for customer’s quickly could hurt other areas of production which could lead to dissatisfaction in other areas. The response to customers is seen as weakness because in order to have a competitor advantage appealing to the customer is crucial. There are many opportunities for Intel as a company. Proposing acquisitions could broaden Intel’s portfolio and help them gain competitive advantage in the market. Intel could also grow in the global and PC market. â€Å"Intel offers products including microprocessors and related chipsets designed for the notebook and netbook market segments. Moreover, the company's Atom processor for these segments is very prominent with growing demand. Growing PC market will contribute to steady revenue flows for the company in near term (Datamonitor 11). † The last part of the SWOT analysis is the threats a company has. Increasing competition is a threat to Intel. When Intel’s competitors succeed in producing something a customer wants before them, Intel could run the risk of losing market share or position. No company wants to lose market share to another competitor. In Intel’s industry there is always a threat that another company will produce something at greater speed. Another threat to Intel is litigations and the regulatory commission. In the past Intel was investigated for alleged unfair business transactions, and alleged security failure. Future occurrences of these event will harm Intel’s reputation and investor reputation. The financial ratios and graphs can be found on the attached pages. The first analysis to look at is profitability. The net margin was used in calculating these numbers. By the graph you can see that Intel’s margin was the most profitable in the time periods 1999-2001. When a company has a high profit margin it means that they are selling their products at higher premiums. The graph shows that Intel sold its products at the highest premium. The next analysis estimates liquidity. Liquidity is the ability for a company to be able to meet there near term obligations. The current ratio was used in calculating these numbers. A firm wants a current ratio greater than one. If a firm has a current ratio greater than one it means that they are able to satisfy their near term liabilities. If a firm has a current ratio less than one it means the firm could have a liquidity issue. The graph shows all the companies were able to maintain a liquidity higher than one except Motorola in 2000. The next financial analysis was looking at leverage. The debt-to-equity ratio was used to determine how leveraged Intel and the competitor companies were. The debt-to-equity compares the companies liabilities to their equity. Companies want to have a lower percentage because that means they are using lower leverage and have a stronger equity position. From the graph it is apparent that Intel has the best leverage because of the lower percentage rates. The results shows that Motorola has a very low equity position because there liabilities outweigh there equities. The other two companies, AMD and Texas Instruments seem to be decreasing there liability numbers over time and in the coming years may have a better equity position. The last financial analysis estimate efficiency. The inventory turnover ratio was used to estimate these numbers. The inventory ratio tells you how often a company moves or sells inventory. To predict if a company has a good inventory turnover it is helpful to look at competitor’s results. In the graph included in the attachments, it can be observed that in 1999 and 2000 Intel had the second highest inventory turnover. This means that it took longer for Intel to sell inventories than Texas Instruments or Motorola at that time. However, in the year 2001 it had the lowest inventory turnover. In order to obtain a long lasting company these recommendations could help the company. Some immediate recommendations that should take place in 90 days or less could be to obtain ideas from employees to improve the company or how to gain competitive advantage. Listening to individuals that work for the company may help gain new ideas. Intel prides itself on the innovativeness their employees and it is important to give them a say in how they think the company is doing or where they think it can improve. Another immediate recommendation is a new marketing campaign to seek computer users to switch to Intel processors as opposed to competitors. I think it is important for consumer’s to understand the difference between core processors (such as Intel and AMD) not just the difference in the actual computer (like Dell and Apple). The average American does not know the difference and educating these individuals will help Intel gain a competitor advantage. Short term recommendations could include a price-reducing analysis. If the company could find ways to lower the prices of manufacturing they can gain competitive advantage. Also a short-term recommendation could be to research more about the cellular and wireless industry to see if it would be worth it to the company to branch out further form micro processors. Long term recommendations expand industry further not just for computer but gain market share in cellular and wireless devices. Intel has been the leader of microprocessors for many years. If they can use their knowledge Intel could expand .